Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Millson M[original query] |
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Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand
Bhanich Supapol W , Remis RS , Raboud J , Millson M , Tappero J , Kaul R , Kulkarni P , McConnell MS , Mock PA , McNicholl JM , Roongpisuthipong A , Chotpitayasunondh T , Shaffer N , Butera S . J Med Virol 2011 83 (1) 33-44 GB virus C (GBV-C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV-C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV-infected and 332 HIV-uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV-C RNA, GBV-C antibody, and if RNA-positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV-C infection (defined as presence of GBV-C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV-C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV-C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV-C infection was 33% among HIV-infected women and 15% among HIV-uninfected women. GBV-C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent-1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22-2.08], 3-10 partners [1.92, 1.39-2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33-3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12-14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58-5.59). Clearance of GBV-C RNA among women with evidence of GBV-C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20-29 [2.01, 1.06-3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53-6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38-6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14-0.59). This study found that GBV-C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. |
An indigenous plant food used by lactating mothers in West Africa: the nutrient composition of the leaves of Kigelia africana in Ghana
Glew RS , Amoako Atta B , Ankar Brewoo G , Presley JM , Chang YC , Chuang LT , Millson M , Smith BR , Glew RH . Ecol Food Nutr 2010 49 (1) 72-83 Although the leaves of Kigelia africana are used to make a palm-nut soup which is consumed mainly by lactating women in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the nutrient qualities of this underutilized and underappreciated plant food. Leaves of Kigelia africana, called osausage treeo in English and onufuteno in the Twi language of Ghana, were collected in Kumasi and analyzed for their content of nutritionally important fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, and trace elements. The dried leaves contained 1.62% fatty acids, of which -linolenic acid and linolenic acid accounted for 44% and 20%, respectively, of the total. Protein accounted for 12.6% of the dry weight and, except for lysine, its overall essential amino acid profile compared favorably to a World Health Organization protein standard for school children. Kigelia leaf contained considerable amounts of many essential elements, including calcium (7,620g/g), iron (161g/g), magnesium (2,310g/g), manganese (14.6g/g), zinc (39.9g/g), and chromium (0.83g/g); selenium, however, was not detected. These data indicate that Kigelia africana leaf compares favorably with many other commonly-consumed green leafy vegetables such as spinach and provides a rational basis for promoting the conservation and propagation of the plant and encouraging its wider use in the diets of populations in sub-Saharan Africa. |
Extraction of beryllium from refractory beryllium oxide with dilute ammonium bifluoride and determination by fluorescence: a multiparameter performance evaluation
Goldcamp MJ , Goldcamp DM , Ashley K , Fernback JE , Agrawal A , Millson M , Marlow D , Harrison K . J Occup Environ Hyg 2009 6 (12) 735-44 Beryllium exposure can cause a number of deleterious health effects, including beryllium sensitization and the potentially fatal chronic beryllium disease. Efficient methods for monitoring beryllium contamination in workplaces are valuable to help prevent dangerous exposures to this element. In this work, performance data on the extraction of beryllium from various size fractions of high-fired beryllium oxide (BeO) particles (from < 32 microm up to 212 microm) using dilute aqueous ammonium bifluoride (ABF) solution were obtained under various conditions. Beryllium concentrations were determined by fluorescence using a hydroxybenzoquinoline fluorophore. The effects of ABF concentration and volume, extraction temperature, sample tube types, and presence of filter or wipe media were examined. Three percent ABF extracts beryllium nearly twice as quickly as 1% ABF; extraction solution volume has minimal influence. Elevated temperatures increase the rate of extraction dramatically compared with room temperature extraction. Sample tubes with constricted tips yield poor extraction rates owing to the inability of the extraction medium to access the undissolved particles. The relative rates of extraction of Be from BeO of varying particle sizes were examined. Beryllium from BeO particles in fractions ranging from less than 32 microm up to 212 microm were subjected to various extraction schemes. The smallest BeO particles are extracted more quickly than the largest particles, although at 90 degrees C even the largest BeO particles reach nearly quantitative extraction within 4 hr in 3% ABF. Extraction from mixed cellulosic-ester filters, cellulosic surface-sampling filters, wetted cellulosic dust wipes, and cotton gloves yielded 90% or greater recoveries. Scanning electron microscopy of BeO particles, including partially dissolved particles, shows that dissolution in dilute ABF occurs not just on the exterior surface but also via accessing particles' interiors due to porosity of the BeO material. Comparison of dissolution kinetics data shows that as particle diameter approximately doubles, extraction time is increased by a factor of about 1.5, which is consistent with the influence of porosity on dissolution. |
Mother-to-child transmission of GB virus C in a cohort of women coinfected with GB virus C and HIV in Bangkok, Thailand
Bhanich Supapol W , Remis RS , Raboud J , Millson M , Tappero J , Kaul R , Kulkarni P , McConnell MS , Mock PA , McNicholl JM , Vanprapar N , Asavapiriyanont S , Shaffer N , Butera S . J Infect Dis 2009 200 (2) 227-35 BACKGROUND: GB virus C (GBV-C) is an apathogenic virus that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of GBV-C has been observed in multiple small studies. Our study examined the rate and correlates of MTCT of GBV-C in a large cohort of GBV-C-HIV-coinfected pregnant women in Thailand. METHODS: Maternal delivery plasma specimens from 245 GBV-C-HIV-infected women and specimens from their infants at 4 or 6 months of age were tested for GBV-C RNA. Associations with MTCT of GBV-C were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred one (41%) of 245 infants acquired GBV-C infection. MTCT of GBV-C was independently associated with maternal antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.12-12.81]), infant HIV infection (AOR, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.01-0.26]), maternal GBV-C load (8.0 log(10) copies/mL: AOR, 86.77 [95% CI, 15.27-481.70]; 7.0-7.9 log(10) copies/mL: AOR, 45.62 [95% CI, 8.41-247.51]; 5.0-6.9 log(10) copies/mL: AOR, 9.07 [95% CI, 1.85-44.33]: reference, <5 log(10) viral copies/mL), and caesarean delivery (AOR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.12-0.59]). CONCLUSIONS: Associations with maternal GBV-C load and mode of delivery suggest transmission during pregnancy and delivery. Despite mode of delivery being a common risk factor for virus transmission, GBV-C and HIV were rarely cotransmitted. The mechanisms by which maternal receipt of antiretroviral therapy might increase MTCT of GBV-C are unknown. |
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